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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the social ties they were able to draw from were important. The RIs from TS & ZL for instance were able to cite their local professor relationship as a key factor in their rational decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see example 2). This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on practical important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test is a popular tool in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. For instance it is that the DCT cannot take into account cultural and individual differences in communication. Furthermore, the DCT is susceptible to bias and could lead to overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before being used for research or assessment. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness can be a strength. This can assist researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has emerged as one of the most significant instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and lexical selection. It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners in their speech. A recent study used the DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the most appropriate response. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing, including a questionnaire and video recordings. The researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution. They also suggested using other data collection methods. DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test creators. They may not be correct, and they could incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interaction. This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of assessing refusal competency. A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT encouraged more direct and conventionally indirect request forms, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with intermediate or higher ability who responded to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences, as well as their relationships. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of resistance to pragmatics. In addition, the interviewees were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific situation. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic terms such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This was probably due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 norms varied based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms. 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 showed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders who were independent. Coding was an iterative process, where the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding were compared to the original RI transcripts, which gave an indication of how well the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behaviors. Refusal Interviews The key issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do certain learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools, including DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they could produce native-like patterns. They were also conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also mentioned external factors, such as relational affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university. The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they might face when their social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts might perceive them as “foreigners” and think they were unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural environments on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. Furthermore this will allow educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. This method utilizes numerous sources of information, such as interviews, observations and documents to prove its findings. This kind of research can be used to examine complicated or unique subjects that are difficult for other methods to assess. The first step in a case study is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential for research and which could be left out. It is also useful to read the literature to gain a better understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a wider theoretical context. This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test showed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency of adding their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses. Furthermore, the participants of this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to get along with and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a heavy work load despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.